Water On Moon Confirm

 This post is taken from IZULAT blog repost here

According to the news there is already suggestions that there might be a water on moon’s surface but now recent findings confirms it. There is water on lighted part or sunlit part of the moon the new findings said.

“Past observations of the moon have suggested that there is water on the surface. New observations from the SOFIA telescope support those findings.”(Science News)

 

“NASA’s Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) has confirmed, for the first time, water on the sunlit surface of the Moon. This discovery indicates that water may be distributed across the lunar surface, and not limited to cold, shadowed places. SOFIA has detected water molecules (H2O) in Clavius Crater, one of the largest craters visible from Earth, located in the Moon’s southern hemisphere. Previous observations of the Moon’s surface detected some form of hydrogen, but were unable to distinguish between water and its close chemical relative, hydroxyl (OH). Data from this location reveal water in concentrations of 100 to 412 parts per million – roughly equivalent to a 12-ounce bottle of water – trapped in a cubic meter of soil spread across the lunar surface. The results are published in the latest issue of Nature Astronomy. “We had indications that H2O – the familiar water we know – might be present on the sunlit side of the Moon,” said Paul Hertz, director of the Astrophysics Division in the Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters in Washington. “Now we know it is there. This discovery challenges our understanding of the lunar surface and raises intriguing questions about resources relevant for deep space exploration.”” (NASA)

 

“…..the discovery raises new questions about how water is created and how it persists on the harsh, airless lunar surface. Water is a precious resource in deep space and a key ingredient of life as we know it. Whether the water SOFIA found is easily accessible for use as a resource remains to be determined.” (NASA)

“Several forces could be at play in the delivery or creation of this water. Micrometeorites raining down on the lunar surface, carrying small amounts of water, could deposit the water on the lunar surface upon impact. Another possibility is there could be a two-step process whereby the Sun’s solar wind delivers hydrogen to the lunar surface and causes a chemical reaction with oxygen-bearing minerals in the soil to create hydroxyl. Meanwhile, radiation from the bombardment of micrometeorites could be transforming that hydroxyl into water. How the water then gets stored – making it possible to accumulate – also raises some intriguing questions. The water could be trapped into tiny beadlike structures in the soil that form out of the high heat created by micrometeorite impacts. Another possibility is that the water could be hidden between grains of lunar soil and sheltered from the sunlight – potentially making it a bit more accessible than water trapped in beadlike structures.” (NASA)

 

“Lunar water is water that is present on the Moon. Diffuse water molecules can persist at the Moon's sunlit surface, as discovered by NASA's SOFIA observatory in 2020.” (Wikipedia)

 

“For years, scientists have worked to uncover the mysteries of water on the moon. Now two new studies published in Nature Astronomy confirm that water may be found all over the lunar surface.”(National Geographic)

 

The main point  According to the news, it is long been suspected that there might be water on the moon but now new findings confirm that suspicion and confirm that there is water indeed throughout the moon surface.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Continue Reading

A Lava Planet Discovered

 This post is taken from IZULAT blog repost here

Lava planet is said to be rare in discovery but believed to be a billion of them out there on the vast universe or space not yet to be discovered or telescope. It is a planet that has lava and magma.

Recently, a new lava planet was found and name “K2-141b”. The lava planet is located 210 light years away from planet Earth and it is an exoplanet. It orbits extremely closely to its sun or star. It completes a revolution in just six to seven hours. It has a molten surface or a molten rock surface or an ocean of molten surface and according to the news almost half of the planet is a molten magma. It has a violent weather condition and raining rocks down on its molten surface and a howling wind.

“"Almost half of the planet is molten magma," said lead study author Tue Giang Nguyen, a doctoral student at York University in Toronto. "The atmosphere created by vaporized rocks spreads around the planet. “That vaporized silicon dioxide, or quartz, forms clouds and rains or snows down onto the molten surface below, he said.” (CNN)

“Exoplanet K2-141b has winds that clock in at about 3,100 miles per hour (5,000 kilometers per hour), and its magma ocean is estimated to have a depth of about 86 miles (140 kilometers), according to Nguyen's calculations.”(CNN)

“The extraordinary winds dominate one side of the planet but are totally absent on the other. The bright side of K2-141b is scorching, with temperatures likely around 5,400 degrees Fahrenheit, or 3,000 degrees Celsius. That hot side has an atmosphere made of silicon dioxide, more commonly known as quartz. Because K2-141b orbits so closely in the brilliant glare of its star, about two-thirds of the world is illuminated at any given time. One-third is dark, making for a frigid planet with temperatures of minus 392 degrees Fahrenheit, or minus 200 degrees Celsius. That two-third light/one-third darkness split is unusual compared to planets in our solar system, such as Earth and Jupiter, where half of the planet would be lit by the sun at any given time.”(CNN)

“Lava planets are quite rare, Cowan [ study coauthor Nicolas Cowan, an associate professor in the departments of physics and Earth and planetary sciences at McGill University in Montreal] noted -- just one in 1,000 stars would be able to host one. But given the enormity of the cosmos, there could be billions of lava worlds out there.”(CNN)

image from CNN website

Continue Reading

The Growth Brain Factor

 

Findings said there is a factor for the growth of brain particularly on growing brain that is the neurotransmitter called serotonin or in other words what we call happiness. Happiness or serotonin helps in the growth of the size of the brain as the study says.

“The research team of Wieland Huttner at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, who is one of the institute's founding directors, has investigated the cause of the evolutionary expansion of the human neocortex in many studies. A new study from his lab focuses on the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin in this process. Serotonin is often called the happiness neurotransmitter because it transmits messages between nerve cells that contribute to well-being and happiness. However, a potential role of such neurotransmitters during brain development has not yet been explored in detail. In the developing embryo, the placenta produces serotonin, which then reaches the brain via the blood circulation. This is true for humans as well as mice. Yet, the function of this placenta-derived serotonin in the developing brain has been unknown.”(Science Daily)

““"Indeed, we found that serotonin, by activating this receptor [HTR2A], caused a chain of reactions that resulted in the production of more basal progenitors in the developing brain. More basal progenitors can then increase the production of cortical neurons, which paves the way to a bigger brain,"”(Science Daily)

“"In conclusion, our study uncovers a novel role of serotonin as a growth factor for basal progenitors in highly developed brains, notably human. Our data implicate serotonin in the expansion of the neocortex during development and human evolution," summarizes Wieland Huttner, who supervised the study.”(Science Daily)

 

Continue Reading

Is There A Black Hole At The Center Of The Earth?

 

There is a recent finding that said that there is a black hole at the center of the planet earth where according to the findings it is where telecommunications on planet earth is connecting with; in DNAs, dark DNAs, and molecules of water.

““…..A Black Hole at the Center of Earth Plays the Role of the Biggest System of Telecommunication for Connecting DNAs, Dark DNAs and Molecules of Water on 4+N- Dimensional Manifold,” published last year in the Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences..” (Popular Mechanics)

““"The earth’s core is the biggest system of telecommunication which exchanges waves with all DNAs and molecules of water. Imaging of DNAs on the interior of the metal of the core produces a DNA black brane with around 10⁹ times longer than the core of the earth which is compacted and creates a structure similar to a black hole or black brane. We have shown that this DNA black brane is the main cause of high temperature of core and magnetic of earth."”(Popular Mechanics)

But according to the news, the new findings is not true and wonder why it make it on a credible science journal which is Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Science.

“An outrageously strange paper claims, among other things, that there’s a black hole at the center of the Earth. And somehow, it got published in an actual scientific journal, the Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences — baffling mainstream scientists.”(Futurism)

“Scientists have uncovered a bizarre, indefensible paper that squeaked through peer review at what appears at first pass to be a legitimate medical journal. Expert responses to the report are funny, but the research represents some key items of interest in science publishing and academia more broadly. In “A Black Hole at the Center of Earth Plays the Role of the Biggest System of Telecommunication for Connecting DNAs, Dark DNAs and Molecules of Water on 4+N- Dimensional Manifold,” published last year in the Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 13 listed authors from wildly different fields throw together a series of escalating falsehoods. “Recently, some scientists from NASA have claimed that there may be a black hole like structure at the centre of the earth,” the abstract begins.” (Popular Mechanics)

 

Continue Reading

Preserved Human Brain

 

Recently, experts discovered a preserved human brain that is remain intact until today on a young man’s skull who died at the eruption of Mount Vesuvius during 79 A.D in the buried city of Herculaneum in Italy. Not only it is preserved it is also vitrified or glassified. He is believed to be on his 20’s.

The preservation and the vitrification according to news is brought by the young man’s exposure to extreme heating and rapid cooling.

“Preserved brain cells have been found in the remains of a young man who died in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in A.D. 79. ……The transformation to glass occurred as a result of extreme heating and rapid cooling. "The results of our study show that the vitrification process occurred at Herculaneum, unique of its kind, has frozen the neuronal structures of this victim, preserving them intact until today," study lead author Pier Paolo Petrone, a forensic anthropologist at University Federico II of Naples in Italy, said in a statement.” (Live Science)

 

“….."The brain exposed to the hot volcanic ash must first have liquefied and then immediately turned into a glassy material by the rapid cooling of the volcanic ash deposit."(CNN)

“The researchers also found intact nerve cells in the spinal cord, which, like the brain, had been vitrified.”(CNN)

 

image from the National Post website 

 

Continue Reading

An Object Approaching Earth

 

Recently astronomers say that an object is coming toward planet or approaching planet earth but with low speed which astronomers suspected to be not an asteroid but a thing or a space junk. They suspected it to be a rocket booster from the 1966 space mission of Surveyor 2 that has lost contact then and now coming home.

Once it enters the earth’s orbit it will become as they say “mini moon”. The object will be on October 2020 up to May 2021 as the news said. They name it as 2020 SO.

“Astronomers believe the object may actually be a piece of human-made space junk that's, well, returning home…… Some scientists think the object may be what's left of a mission that launched for the moon more than 50 years ago. NASA's Surveyor 2 spacecraft launched atop an Atlas LV-3C Centaur-D on September 20, 1966. Unfortunately, NASA lost contact with the craft three days later when a thruster failed to start, sending the mission on a tailspin into the lunar surface.” (Popular Mechanics)

“The working theory is that 2020 SO may actually be the Centaur stage of the United Launch Alliance rocket that propelled Surveyor 2 out of Earth's orbit. The object's size, which researchers have determined to be roughly between 21 and 46 feet long, is a relatively close match for the rocket's dimensions (approximately 41 feet). It's also moving at a much slower clip than what is expected of a natural asteroid, or even rocks that have been ejected from the lunar surface.”(Popular Mechanics)

 

 

Continue Reading

Life On Venus’ Clouds

 

Recently, astronomers or scientists discovered a so-called “sign of life’ on the clouds of planet Venus, that thing is what they called Phosphine molecule.

The phosphine molecule or gas is said to be in large amount wherein a non-biological process such as volcanic activity would not produce such amount. So, who is producing it in large proportion or amount?

The suspicion is there could microbes in the clouds of Venus.

“But despite the inhospitable environment on the surface [of Venus surface], some microbial life may be able to survive in the planet’s atmosphere, the researchers hypothesize…….“The discovery raises many questions, such as how any organisms could survive,” Clara Sousa Silva, team member at MIT, said in the statement. “On Earth, some microbes can cope with up to about 5% of acid in their environment — but the clouds of Venus are almost entirely made of acid”…… Previous research has shown that the clouds of Venus may actually harbor far more favorable conditions than the surface, with temperatures in the range of 0 to 60 degrees Centigrade and pressures — well within the range of Earth.” (Futursim)

“On Sept. 14, 2020, a new planet was added to the list of potentially habitable worlds in the Solar System: Venus. Phosphine, a toxic gas made up of one phosphorus and three hydrogen atoms (PH₃), commonly produced by organic life forms but otherwise difficult to make on rocky planets, was discovered in the middle layer of the Venus atmosphere. This raises the tantalizing possibility that something is alive on our planetary neighbor. With this discovery, Venus joins the exalted ranks of Mars and the icy moons Enceladus and Europa among planetary bodies where life may once have existed, or perhaps might even still do so today…… Venus is a compelling exploration target, with tantalizing evidence that the planet once had oceans and perhaps even suffered a hellish fate at the hands of its own volcanic eruptions. But with the detection of a potential biomarker in Venus’ atmosphere, we now have yet another major reason to return to the world ancient Greek astronomers called Phosphorus — a name for Venus that, it turns out, is wonderfully prescient.” (The Conversation)

Planet Venus (image from Wikipedia website)

Continue Reading

Mars Oxygen Mystery

 

The scientists are flummoxed about the discovery of the activity of oxygen in Mars – that is it is fluctuating and who causes it. The scientists are struggling to answer this mystery just like they are also struggling on Mars’ methane gas.

Their theory could be it cause by biological. chemical, geological or whatever they theorizes. One explanation according to news, could be a tiny and microscopic plants that is not same with earth’s plants could be producing the oxygen.

“Scientists believe that the Curiosity rover's[Martian Rover] measurements are accurate and not a fluke. However, they're struggling to explain why oxygen levels would increase and decrease based on the Martian seasons. Now, they're wondering what could create oxygen on Mars.” (Sciencing)

“That suggests something is making or unleashing stores of oxygen in the warmer months and trapping or swallowing it up during frigid ones. It could be a geological, chemical, atmospheric or, perhaps even a biological process, but right now, no one has the foggiest as to what the culprit actually is. And although the oxygen’s trampolining certainly appears to be a local feature, it might be a regional or even global peculiarity.” (Space)

“On Earth, plants make up most of the oxygen in the air. However, Mars is a desolate planet without any obvious plant life. Its extreme temperatures and weather patterns make it hard to imagine that a common flower or shrub could survive in these conditions. It's possible a new type of plant that doesn't exist on Earth may be responsible for releasing oxygen on Mars during the warmer months. Considering that it hasn't been spotted, the plant may be tiny or even microscopic. In addition, it may not function or look the way plants do on Earth and may have an unusual structure that gives it the ability to survive harsh conditions. Hopefully, further exploration of the planet will provide more answers.” (Sciencing)

Mars Rover on Mars (image from NYTimes website)

Continue Reading

Life May Come From Meteor On Earth

New study says that life on earth do not begin on earth itself but rather it comes from an outside source. That outside or external source is or are the meteors that fall on earth then or a very long time ago. The impact creates life on earth as the impact pass a process.

The meteor impacts created an environment that supports life as the news said.        

“"We show that impacts can deliver all the necessary building blocks for life, and create habitats for life in the immediate aftermath of the impact,"….” (The Weather Network)

“ According to Osinski, the organic building blocks of life are found mainly in comets, and asteroids known as carbonaceous chondrites.” (The Weather Network)

“According to the study, as a crater lake forms in the impact basin, the combination of water, heat, minerals, and chemicals would form conditions where microbes would have a safe environment and an abundant source of energy…….. These habitats include 'transient hydrothermal systems', similar to hydrothermal vents like those on the ocean floor along the mid-Atlantic ridge, and hot springs and geysers like those in Yosemite National Park, but of a more temporary ('transient') nature due to the impact. Others include 'endolithic habitats' (literally 'inside rocks'), where life can develop inside the pores and fissures in glassy impact rocks, and inside floating islands of porous pumice rock, where they would be protected from damaging ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. Also, rock pools formed in the cooling volcanic flows, where water can collect (so-called "splash pools"), provide excellent safe environments.” (The Weather Network)

“"The key thing here is that these habitats did not exist before the impact, and would not be there unless an impact occurred,"….” (The Weather Network)

“From their study of meteorite craters around Earth, Osinski and the research team have shown that impacts can produce any or all of these environments.” (The Weather Network)

Meteor ( image from Facts website)

Continue Reading

Earth Is Born Wet

Recent study says that the old belief that planet earth is born dry and water was later delivered into it by a comet or asteroid is no more true but rather water is already there on our planet since it is formed or born and that water comes within our solar system and not outside.

“A new study finds that Earth's water may have come from materials that were present in the inner solar system at the time the planet formed -- instead of far-reaching comets or asteroids delivering such water. The findings published Aug. 28 in Science suggest that Earth may have always been wet.” (Science Daily)

In the recent study, a meteorite called “enstatite chondrites” is the deliverer or source or origin of earth’s water since earth was formed or born and this meteorite is within the solar system. It is also said that “enstatite chondrites” is the building blocks of planet earth because of isotopic similarities of both or of “enstatite chondrites” and planet earth.

“Enstatite chondrites are entirely composed of material from the inner solar system -- essentially the same stuff that made up the Earth originally…… But their isotopic similarity to Earth make them particularly compelling. Enstatite chondrites have similar oxygen, titanium and calcium isotopes as Earth, and this study showed that their hydrogen and nitrogen isotopes are similar to Earth's, too. In the study of extraterrestrial materials, the abundances of an element's isotopes are used as a distinctive signature to identify where that element originated……."If enstatite chondrites were effectively the building blocks of our planet -- as strongly suggested by their similar isotopic compositions -- this result implies that these types of chondrites supplied enough water to Earth to explain the origin of Earth's water, which is amazing!"…. “ (Science Daily)

“The paper also proposes that a large amount of the atmospheric nitrogen -- the most abundant component of the Earth's atmosphere -- could have come from the enstatite chondrites.” (Science Daily)

ENSTATITE CHONDRITE

Continue Reading

50 New Planets Found

Recently scientist have found or discovered fifty (50) new planets that confirmed by a machine learning algorithm which scientists use in searching from NASA’s space telescopes such Kepler and TESS or Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite.

The machine learning algorithm was trained first by the scientists to determine from true and false.

The planets found ranges from big to small, and as the news said even smaller than planet earth.

The discovery is the first in the history of astronomy as the news said.

“The algorithm was able to statistically confirm the existence of 50 exoplanets from the candidate data, ranging from diminutive alien worlds smaller than the Earth all the way up to enormous gas giants the size of Neptune. These worlds can now be targeted for follow up observations by more specialized and powerful telescopes that will be able to determine the key characteristics of the worlds.”(New Atlas)

“The 50 planets it discovered range from one as big as Neptune and another as small as Earth, with orbits as long as 200 days and as short as one.”(The Next Web)

PLANETS (image from Forbes website)

Continue Reading

A New Way To Monitor Human Body

Scientists are looking for the possibility of putting electronic chips inside the human body as part of new way to diagnose the human body.

The purpose of the electronic chips is to detect or look for possible tumors and defects in the body, according to the news.

But there is a problem scientists are dealing with. That is how to put an electronic chip inside the human body without harming the body without wrecking a havoc on the body.

That is what scientists are now thinking of. If they become successful of solving the problem, they can now put an electronic chips and the human body become like a cyborg that is partly human and partly electronic.

image from All Express website

Continue Reading